[PDF] CE8351 Surveying Books, Lecture Notes, 2 marks with answers, Important Part B 13 marks Questions, Question Bank & Syllabus

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF CONVENTIONAL SURVEYING AND LEVELLING

Classifications and basic principles of surveying – Equipment and accessories for ranging and chaining – Methods of ranging – Compass – Types of Compass – Basic Principles- Bearing – Types – True Bearing – Magnetic Bearing – Levelling- Principles and theory of Levelling – Datum- – Bench Marks – Temporary and Permanent Adjustments- Methods of Levelling- Booking – Reduction – Sources of errors in Levelling – Curvature and refraction.

UNIT II THEODOLITE AND TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING

Horizontal and vertical angle measurements – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Heights and distances – Tacheometer – Stadia Constants – Analytic Lens -Tangential and Stadia Tacheometry surveying – Contour – Contouring – Characteristics of contours – Methods of contouring – Tacheometric contouring – Contour gradient – Uses of contour plan and map.

UNIT III CONTROL SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT

Horizontal and vertical control – Methods – specifications – triangulation- baseline – satellite stations – reduction to centre- trigonometrical levelling – single and reciprocal observations – traversing – Gale’s table. – Errors Sources- precautions and corrections – classification of errors – true and most probable values – weighed observations – method of equal shifts – principle of least squares – normal equation – correlates- level nets- adjustment of simple triangulation networks.

UNIT IV ADVANCED TOPICS IN SURVEYING

Hydrographic Surveying – Tides – MSL – Sounding methods – Three point problem – Strength of fix – astronomical Surveying – Field observations and determination of Azimuth by altitude and hour angle methods – Astronomical terms and definitions – Motion of sun and stars – Celestial coordinate systems – different time systems – Nautical Almanac – Apparent altitude and corrections – Field observations and determination of time, longitude, latitude and azimuth by altitude and hour angle method.

UNIT V MODERN SURVEYING

Total Station : Advantages – Fundamental quantities measured – Parts and accessories – working principle – On board calculations – Field procedure – Errors and Good practices in using Total Station GPS Surveying : Different segments – space, control and user segments – satellite configuration – signal structure – Orbit determination and representation – Anti Spoofing and Selective Availability – Task of control segment.

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